The Matilda Effect refers to the historical erasure of women's (and other gender minorities') contributions to science, scholarship, academia, and socio-politics, and the emphasis on factual but negative narratives surrounding their achievements, found systematically in global histories.
For example, Queen Ranavalona I of Madagascar, who fiercely resisted European colonialism, is portrayed as a cruel, bloodthirsty queen. Accounts of Queen Elizabeth I of England, who excelled in warfare, financial administration, and patronage of education and the arts/culture, often emphasize her "obsession" with using toxic makeup. Rosalind Franklin, the discoverer of DNA, was underrepresented until recently, with her "cold and humorless" character being widely discussed.